Chronology

Alumnas de la Asociación para la Enseñanza de la Mujer, hacia 1886. Fundación Fernando de Castro, Madrid.

Edificio del Instituto Internacional en Miguel Ángel, 8. Archivo International Institute in Spain, Madrid.

Clase del Instituto Internacional, hacia 1911. Fototeca del Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de España, MECD.

Entrada a la Residencia de Señoritas en la calle de Fortuny, 30, hacia 1916. Fundación José Ortega y Gasset-Gregorio Marañón, Madrid.

María de Maeztu, doctora honoris causa por Smith College, 1919. Fundación José Ortega y Gasset-Gregorio Marañón, Madrid.

El Laboratorio Foster de la Residencia de Señoritas, hacia 1930. Archivo International Institute in Spain, Madrid.

Grupo de alumnas de Smith College, hacia 1939. Archivo International Institute in Spain, Madrid.

Marie Curie y su hija Irène en la Residencia de Estudiantes, 1931. Residencia de Estudiantes, Madrid.

Invitación a la conferencia que Victoria Ocampo ofreció en la Residencia de Señoritas el 9 de enero de 1935. Fundación José Ortega y Gasset-Gregorio Marañón, Madrid.

Marina Romero, Poemas A, Madrid, Asociación de Alumnas de la Residencia, 1935. Residencia de Estudiantes, Madrid.

Residentes en la biblioteca de la Residencia de Señoritas en Miguel Ángel, 8, hacia 1929. Archivo International Institute in Spain, Madrid.

Público asistente a la clausura de un cursillo de instructores provisionales del frente de Juventudes de Falange celebrado en la Residencia de Señoritas, hacia 1940. Archivo Regional de la Comunidad de Madrid. Fondo Fotográfico Martín Santos Yubero.

1869Between February and May the first season of Conferencias Dominicales para la Educación de la Mujer takes place, promoted by the rector of the Universidad de Madrid, Fernando de Castro. In December, Fernando de Castro opens the Escuela de Institutrices, temporarily placed in the Escuela Normal de Maestras.

1870Fernando de Castro creates the Asociación para la Enseñanza de la Mujer.

1880The Asociación para la Enseñanza de la Mujer moves to a new building placed in de la Bolsa Street.

1882The Congreso Nacional Pedagógico takes place in Madrid. Among the proposals, the instutionalists present a number of measures directly related to the education of women and they just obtain a moderate success.

1892In the Congreso Pedagógico Hispano-Portugués-Americano, the Fifth Section, dedicated to the education and aptitude of women, is the one that provokes enraged debates, with relevant interventions by Berta Wilhelmi, Emilia Pardo Bazán and Concepción Arenal. Alice Gordon Gulick creates in Boston the Coporation of the International Institute for Girls in Spain.

1893The Asociación para la Enseñanza de la Mujer opens its first building in San Matero Street, 15. Matilde Padrós obtains her PHD in Arts and Humanities in Universidad Central de Madrid.

1903The Instituto Internacional sets in Madrid, in a building obtained by Mr and Mrs Gulick in Fortuny Street.

1909Creation of the Escuela de Estudios Superiores del Magisterio in Madrid.

1910The Residencia de Estudiantes is created in Fortuny Street, 14. The construction of the new building of the Instituto Internacional finishes in Miguel Ángel Street, 8. In 8th March, the Real Orden, which since 1888 required women a special license to enrol universities, was abolished. Free access to women at university.

1915The university group of the Residencia de Estudiantes moves its headquarters to the definite Del Pinar Street. In October, two of the buildings that were occupied by the male group, which corresponded to Fortuny Street, 28 and 30, are now opened to the female group, the Residencia de Señoritas, directed by María de Maetzu.

1917The female group has now 65 vacancies and it is placed in the four buildings in Fortuny Street, 24, 26, 28 and 30. In October the buildings in Miguel Ángel Street, 8 and Fortuny Street, 53 for the group of girls of the Residencia start to work, because of the agreement between the Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios and the Instituto Internacional.

1918The just created Instituto-Escuela is placed in Miguel Ángel Street, 8. María de Maeztu is named the director of its Sección Preparatoria.

1919María de Maeztu and José Castillejo go to The United States to consolidate the collaboration with the Instituto Internacional. María de Maeztu gives some meetings in several universities and she receives the title honoris causa given by Smith College.

1919-1920During this academic course, the exchange of students with a grant between the Residencia de Señoritas and Smith College starts. In the following course, these exchanges are expanded to other female North American colleges.

1920Creation of the Laboratorio de Química of the Residencia de Señoritas by Mary Louise Foster, director of the Instituto Internacional.

1921In October, the Residencia de Señoritas occupies two ancient houses, contiguous to the buildings in Fortuny Street in Rafael Calvo Street, 1 and 3 and it increases its capacity to 130 vacancies. A committee that manages the exchanges between the North American colleges, directed by María Goyri is created. María de Maeztu, Trinidad Arroyo, José Castillejo and Zonobia Camprubí, as a secretary, collaborate in this committee.  

1922The female Group occupies Fortuny Street, 53 and some dependencies of the building in Miguel Ángel Street, 8 taking into consideration a new agreement with the Corporación de Boston. During this course some meetings are given by, for instance, Manuel García Morente, Baroja and Azorín, Isabel Ovarzábal, Eugenio d’Ors and Manuel Bartolomé Cossío.

1924-1925Gabriela Mistral stays in the Residencia de Señoritas, where she gives a lecture in December 1924. Other lecturers that participate in that course are Eduardo Marquina, Ricardo Baeza, Leo Frobenius or Luis de Zulueta.

1926Creation of the Spanish Lyceum Club Femenino, which is placed in the halls of the Residencia de Señoritas. Among the female collaborators and founders and the Junta Directiva there are numerous residents and collaborators of the Residencia. María de Maeztu is its first president.

1928The Congreso de la Federación Internacional de Mujeres Universitarias takes place in Madrid. Numerous representatives stay in the Residencia de Señoritas. According to the new agreement with the Instituto Internacional, the female group is the only that can exclusively use the builindg placed in Miguel Ángel Street, 8. In May new facilities are opened, for instance the Laboratorio de Química Foster, which receives that name in honour to its founder.

1931The Congreso de la Federación Internacional de Mujeres Universitarias takes place in Madrid. Numerous representatives stay in the Residencia de Señoritas. According to the new agreement with the Instituto Internacional, the female group is the only that can exclusively use the builindg placed in Miguel Ángel Street, 8. In May new facilities are opened, for instance the Laboratorio de Química Foster, which receives that name in honour to its founder.

1932In 16th March, Federico García Lorca gives a lecture and a reading of his unpublished book Poeta en Nueva York in the Residencia de Señoritas. From this year a yearly exchange with the Residencia Internacional de Señoritas Estudiantes de Barcelona, created in 1931 and directed by María Luz Morales, is established.

1933In February, the Residencia de Señoritas is visited by the President of the Republic, Niceto Alcalá Zamora. In April, Clara Campoamor and Victoria Kent participate with their respective lectures and the new pavilion is built by the architect Carlos Arniches in the garden in Fortuny Street, 53.

1934During June, María Montessori gives a number of lectures about her pedagogical method.

1935The Asociación de Alumnas de la Residencia edites Marina Romero’s book Poemas A, illustrated by the resident Delhy Tejero.

1936After having started the Spanish Civil War, in September 1936, María de Maeztu resigns as the director of the Residencia de Señoritas, which, regarding the Ministerio de Instrucción Pública’s orders is now directed by a committee leaded by Regina Lago and formed by some students and ex residents.

1937As it is the case in other official institutions, following the Republic Government, the residents that still were at the Residencia d Señoritas are sent to Paiporta, Valencia. The buildings in Madrid are managed by the accountant, Lucía Calvillo. María de Maeztu travels to New York and, lately, she settles in Buenos Aires.

1940After some centers of the JAE were dismantled by the Francoist Government, the Colegio Mayor Teresa de Cepeda, which lately will be known as Santa Teresa de Jesús under the direction of Matilde Marquina, starts to work in some buildings of the Residencia de Señoritas.

1947During a trip in Spain, María de Maeztu gives the opening lecture of the Ramiro de Maeztu Cathedral in the Universidad de Madrid.

1948In 7th January, María de Maeztu dies in Argentina, while she was preparing her definitive return to Spain.