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Some of the former residents, such as Federico García Lorca, suffered the worst fate, others went into exile and could continue their fruitful intellectual activities in countries such as Venezuela, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Puerto Rico and, especially Mexico, which welcomed the largest group, among them, Luis Buñuel, Emilio Prados, and Luis Cernuda. Their relationship with the Residencia facilitated their entry into the intellectual, scientific and artistic community, as in the case of José Moreno Villa, the physician Isaac Costero, and the musician Jesús Bal y Gay, who, among others, were invited by the Mexican government to found the Casa de España (today El Colegio de México).

After 1960 and thanks to the work carried out from exile in England by Alberto Jiménez Fraud, who remained in contact with many residents scattered throughout the world and with those who had remained in Spain, a series of initiatives began, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the institution with various celebrations. Jiménez Fraud called them “la reconquista” (the reconquest) of the Residencia. The first was the publication in Oxford of Cincuentenario de la Residencia de Estudiantes 1910-1960. Palabras del presidente de la Residencia Alberto Jiménez Fraud. That year, a team of former residents Joaquín Díez-Canedo, Arturo Sáenz de la Calzada, Anselmo Carretero, poet Francisco Giner de los Ríos, and Jesús Bal y Gay coordinated the edition in Mexico of a commemorative issue of the journal Residencia, which was published in 1963. It included the recollections of people closely associated with the Residencia’s project, such as Jiménez Fraud, Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Américo Castro, Emilio Prados, Severo Ochoa, Gabriel Celaya, Juan Ramón Jiménez, and Ramón Carande. Its distribution was not allowed in Spain.

In 1963, Alberto Jiménez Fraud returned to Madrid, where, with the help of friends such as José Solis and Julio Caro Baroja, he tried to start a new phase of the journal Residencia. The only issue of this, Cuadernos Residencia appeared in 1964, shortly after the sudden death of Alberto Jiménez Fraud. He was buried in the civil cemetery of Madrid, next to Francisco Giner de los Ríos and Manuel B. Cossío.